PD-1 (clone QR2)
Programmed Death 1 (PD-1, CD279) is a membrane protein that functions as a surface receptor for its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. PD-1 is primarily expressed on activated T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and myeloid cells.
PD-1 acts as an immune checkpoint, playing a key role in immune regulation by inhibiting T-cell activation, which in turn reduces the risk of autoimmunity. However, some cancer cells exploit this mechanism to evade apoptosis by suppressing T-cell responses directed against them.
PD-1 (QR2) is a useful diagnostic marker for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Additionally, increased PD-1 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Targeted PD-1 blockade therapies have shown promising results in the treatment of breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and melanoma. [1-8]
Literature
Literature:
[1] Dorfman DM, Brown JA, Shahsafaei A, & Freeman GJ (2006). Am J Surg Pathol. 30: 802-10.
[2] Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Horn LA, & Haile ST (2014). J Immunol. 193(8): 3835-41.
[3] Kantekure K, Yang Y, Raghunath P, et al. (2012). Am J Dermatopathol. 34: 126-8.
[4] Zeng Z, Shi F, Zhou L, et al. (2011). PLoS One. 6(9): e23621.
[5] Thompson RH, Dong H, Lohse CM, et al. (2007). Clin Cancer Res. 13: 1757-61.
[6] Muenst S, Soysal SD, Gao F, et al. (2013). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 139(3): 667-76.
[7] Konishi J, Yamazaki K, Azuma M, et al. (2004). Clin Cancer Res. 10: 5094-100.
[8] D’Incecco A, Andreozzi M, Ludovini V, et al. (2015). Br J Cancer
112(1): 95-102.Advantage of QUARTETT Antibodies
ADVANTAGES OF RECOMBINANT RABBIT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies—referred to as Q-clones—combine the best properties of both murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies, offering a broader diagnostic potential.
Key Advantages of Our Next-Generation Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies
✔ High Affinity due to rabbit origin, enabling greater sensitivity in assays—these antibodies bind strongly to antigens and maintain their bond even under challenging conditions, unlike low-affinity antibodies.
✔ Superior Specificity with reduced risk of cross-reactivity, thanks to their monoclonal nature.
✔ Expanded Antigen Recognition—better recognition of diverse antigens and epitopes.
✔ Target Epitopes Poorly Recognized by Mouse-Derived Antibodies, improving detection in certain applications.
✔ Enhanced Response to Small-Sized Epitopes, making them ideal for challenging targets.
✔ Significantly Improved Recognition of Murine Antigens, broadening their usability in research and diagnostics.
✔ Lower Background Staining, ensuring cleaner and more reliable results.
Recombinant vs. Hybridoma Antibody Generation
✔ Exceptional Consistency, Specificity, and Sensitivity—eliminating risks of gene loss, mutations, or cell line drift.
✔ Reliable and Controlled Production—generated from a unique gene set, ensuring stable antibody performance.
✔ Batch-to-Batch Consistency, guaranteeing reproducible results and long-term product availability.
✔ Efficient In Vitro High-Throughput Production, allowing easy standardization and scalable antibody expression for any application.
Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies represent the future of immunohistochemistry, offering unmatched reliability and precision in diagnostic and research settings.