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Anti-PTEN (clone QR042)

Anti-PTEN (clone QR042)

PTEN – Key Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cancer Growth Regulation
✔ PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) – A Major Tumor Suppressor That:
      
  • Inhibits cell growth
    •   
  • Increases cellular susceptibility to apoptosis
Mechanism of PTEN Action – Regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
✔ PTEN functions as a phosphatase, metabolizing PIP3 – a lipid product of PI3 kinase.
✔ It acts as an antagonist to the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which regulates:
      
  • Proliferation
    •   
  • Cell survival
    •   
  • Tumor growth
    ✔ Loss of PTEN function leads to excessive activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, promoting tumorigenesis.
PTEN – One of the Most Frequently Inactivated Tumor Suppressor Genes in Cancer
✔ PTEN loss is one of the most common events in oncogenesis and is found in various cancers, including:
      
  • Glioblastoma
    •   
  • Endometrial cancer
    •   
  • Melanoma
    •   
  • Prostate cancer
    •   
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC)
    •   
  • Lung cancer
    •   
  • Breast cancer
    ✔ PTEN mutations are also linked to hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes.
Mechanisms of PTEN Loss in Cancer
✔ The most frequently observed mechanisms of PTEN inactivation:
      
  • Deletion of a single PTEN gene copy
    •   
  • Epigenetic silencing of PTEN gene expression
    ✔ Loss or significant reduction of PTEN protein levels, detected by IHC, is typical for both primary and metastatic tumors.
Prognostic Significance of PTEN as a Biomarker
✔ PTEN loss is most commonly found in aggressive and metastatic cancers.
✔ PTEN is being developed as a prognostic biomarker to:
      
  • Differentiate between tumors with an indolent course and those prone to progression
    •   
  • Predict treatment response, particularly in the context of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors
Summary
✔ PTEN is a crucial tumor suppressor gene, and its loss activates the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
✔ It is most frequently inactivated in aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma, endometrial cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, CRC, lung cancer, and breast cancer.
✔ Loss of PTEN correlates with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential.
✔ PTEN is being explored as a prognostic biomarker in oncology, particularly for targeted therapies.

  • Literature

    [1] Chen Z et al. (2005). Nature. 436(7051):725-30.

    [2] Chen CY et al. (2018). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 9:338.

    [3] Fusco N et al. (2020). 11(7):719.

    [4] Milella M et al. (2015). Front Oncol. 5:24.

  • Advantage of QUARTETT Antibodies

    ADVANTAGES OF RECOMBINANT RABBIT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

    Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies—referred to as Q-clones—combine the best properties of both murine monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies, offering a broader diagnostic potential.

    Key Advantages of Our Next-Generation Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibodies

    ✔ High Affinity due to rabbit origin, enabling greater sensitivity in assays—these antibodies bind strongly to antigens and maintain their bond even under challenging conditions, unlike low-affinity antibodies.

    ✔ Superior Specificity with reduced risk of cross-reactivity, thanks to their monoclonal nature.

    ✔ Expanded Antigen Recognition—better recognition of diverse antigens and epitopes.

    ✔ Target Epitopes Poorly Recognized by Mouse-Derived Antibodies, improving detection in certain applications.

    ✔ Enhanced Response to Small-Sized Epitopes, making them ideal for challenging targets.

    ✔ Significantly Improved Recognition of Murine Antigens, broadening their usability in research and diagnostics.

    ✔ Lower Background Staining, ensuring cleaner and more reliable results.

    Recombinant vs. Hybridoma Antibody Generation

    ✔ Exceptional Consistency, Specificity, and Sensitivity—eliminating risks of gene loss, mutations, or cell line drift.

    ✔ Reliable and Controlled Production—generated from a unique gene set, ensuring stable antibody performance.

    ✔ Batch-to-Batch Consistency, guaranteeing reproducible results and long-term product availability.

    ✔ Efficient In Vitro High-Throughput Production, allowing easy standardization and scalable antibody expression for any application.

    Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies represent the future of immunohistochemistry, offering unmatched reliability and precision in diagnostic and research settings.

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